Chemistry of Anti-money Counterfeiting Technology Essay Example for Free

Science of Anti-cash Counterfeiting Technology Essay I. Unique Falsifying cash is a major business for hoodlums. Almost $70 million of phony money gets utilized day by day, costing shoppers millions. In the current day, there are numerous new advances that have been found and concentrated so as to help put forgers bankrupt. Our cash is something that we should secure, which is the reason these advancements and disclosures are significant in the wellbeing and improvement of our economy. The new age of Philippine banknotes incorporates new and further developed innovation to guarantee the wellbeing of the certifiable Philippine banknotes. This is to forestall cash forging in our nation. These new highlights incorporate further developed photograph altering, which highlights small scale imprinting on the various pictures and messages on the banknotes, an extraordinary unpleasant surface, another arrangement of sequential numbering, propelled security filaments and security strings, watermark innovation, and optically factor ink. These are the most developed and effective techniques for forestalling cash duplicating today. Given in this paper is a nitty gritty clarification and portrayal of every security precautionary measure and a point by point audit of the strategies used to execute them. II. Groups of Currency The new age Philippine banknotes makes out of the groups twenty, fifty, one hundred, 200, 500, and one thousand peso bills. The new twenty-piso charge praises President Manuel L. Quezon, the main President of the Republic of the Philippines on the facade of the bill while the opposite shows the picture of the stunning Banaue Rice Teraces and the Palm Civet from the Cordilleras. The fifty-piso bill celebrates President Sergio Osmeã ±a who drove our nation at the basic phase of World War II. The converse shows a picture of the Taal Lake, one of the world’s littlest dynamic volcanoes and the Maliputo Fish. The one hundred-piso charge pays tribute to President Manuel Roxas who organized the making of the Central Bank sanction at that point gave the initiative to the reproduction of our nation after the decimation of the Second World War. On the opposite, the close to consummate cone-formed Mayon Volcano and the Butanding or Whale Shark is additionally highlighted. The 200 piso charge highlights President Diosdado Macapagal who reestablished the festival of Philippine freedom on June 12. The converse highlights the one of a kind symbol of Bohol, the Chocolate Hills and the Tarsier. The 500 piso bill is a salute to the bosses of Philippine popular government, Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. furthermore, President Corazon Aquino. The opposite highlights the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. At long last, the one thousand-piso charge highlights three of our war saints, Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos, Josefa Llanes Escoda, and General Vicente P. Lim. The converse highlights the Tubbataha Reefs National Marine Park and the world celebrated South Sea Pearl. Figure 1 The cash sections come in explicit shading plans of orange for the twenty-piso charge, red for the fifty-piso charge, violet for the one hundred-piso charge, green for the 200 piso charge, yellow for the 500 piso bill, and blue for the one thousand-piso bill. III. Security Features The Philippine Banknote or the Philippine Peso Bill sees the need as present with the utilization of new innovation to improve the security of banknotes to stay difficult to repeat by hoodlums. The new age Philippine banknotes fuses the most recent accessible innovation in banknote security. This is the explanation that they have grown new structures and overhauled the security highlights of every one of our banknotes. A. Photograph Editing The Central bank of the Philippines utilizes an uncommon photograph altering programming to guarantee explicit prints that are difficult to duplicate by crooks. A portion of these determinations incorporate nano prints on the pictures, lines, and words on the banknotes. B. Surface The note isn't smooth to the touch, yet somewhat unpleasant. This is on the grounds that the monetary orders are made of 80% cotton and 20% Philippine Abaca. Beside that, the raised prints that are embellishing from the Intaglio printing process give the bill an exceptional material feel. Intaglio printing is a printing procedure where the picture is chiseled into a surface. Ordinarily, copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) are utilized, and the cuts are made by scratching ot etching the picture. In printing, the surface is shrouded in ink and afterward scoured vigourously with tartalan material or paper to expel ink from the surface, leaving it in theincisions. The exceptionally sharp printing acquired from the intaglio procedure is difficult to copy by different methods. Intaglio likewise takes into account the making of inactive pictures, which are just obvious when the archive is seen at an extremely shallow point. Figure 2 C. Sequential Numbers The sequential numbers are made out of a couple of prefix letters and six to seven digits in deviated or expanding size. Sequential numbers are not hard to manufacture; yet they make banknotes simpler to track and review. Figure 3 D. Security Fibers The paper used to print our cash has small strings of strands installed into the paper. These red and blue strands sparkle under bright light. On the off chance that the bill has no red and blue strands that shine, at that point it is presumably a phony bill. Fluorescent imprints are the imperceptible phosphor colors on banknotes that gleam under UV or blacklight. This gleam will be obvious under a cash finder gadget. There are two sorts of security filaments. The first is the obvious security strands. These are effectively found in current Philippine banknotes as the blue and red strands that are arbitrarily spread all through the front and back of the paper. The other kind is the undetectable security fiber. These gleam a fluorescent yellow under bright light. Veritable security filaments in Philippine banknotes can be handily culled out (indeed, attempt it!) with the guide of a needle. Fake cash normally just prints the strands on paper, in this way they can't be culled out. Figure 4 E. Watermarks The watermark shows a shadowed picture of the representation and the banknotes’ group on the clear space when seen against the light from either side of the bill. This is conceivable because of paper thickness varieties. Figure 5 The word â€Å"Pilipino†, written in our old Filipino letter set, Baybayin, can be found in its total structure when the banknote is seen against the light. F. Hidden Value At the point when the banknote is pivoted at a 45-degree edge and inclined downwards, we can see the hid denominational worth overly forced on the littler variant of the picture. Figure 7 G. Security Threads Both the twenty-piso and the fifty-piso have a 2mm wide security string that can be noticeable when seen against the light. The one hundred, 200, 500, and one thousand-piso bills have a 4mm wide stich-like security string inserted on the bill and when seen from various points, its shading changes from red to green. The inserted security string is an extraordinary string vertically embedded askew of the note during the production of the banknote paper. The front of the string conveys a reasonable content †the initials of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and the numeric section of the certified receipt. The rear of the string is likewise printed with the initials BSP. There are two sorts of security strings. One is a meager aluminum (Al) covered and somewhat demutualized polyester film string with microprinting, which is implanted in the security paper as banknote or identification paper. The other sort of security string is the single or multicolor sewing string produced using cotton or manufactured filaments, for the most part UV fluorescent, for the bookbinding of visa booklets. Figure 8 H. Optically Variable Device Patch The 500 piso bill and the one thousand-piso bill have the optically factor gadget fix, an intelligent foil. For the 500 piso charge, it uncovers the little BSP (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) logo and the blue parrot, while the one thousand-piso bill uncovers the little BSP logo and the South Sea Pearl inside a shellfish. The patches change shading from red to green when the note is pivoted 90-degrees. Figure 9 I. Optically Variable Ink A security include selective to the one thousand-piso note is the optically factor ink for the emblazoned section an incentive on the lower right corner on the substance of the banknote, which changes shading from green to blue when it is seen in various points. Shading changing inks will be inks containing pearlescent shades that change shading when seen at an alternate edge. The shade of the ink doesn't really change, yet the edge of the light to the watchers eye changes and along these lines makes the adjustment in shading. Various sorts are accessible, including green to purple, gold to green and green to lilac. Optically factor inks (OVI) are over the top expensive inks applied on banknotes as a security highlight. Up until now, just the 1000 peso bills have this. There are two forms of OVI imprinting on the 1000 peso banknotes. This is a magnificent security include in light of the fact that forgers will require a great deal of exertion and cash to repeat it. They are called optically factor inks on the grounds that small chips of shading moving film are fused in the intaglio ink. Consequently, prints of OVI change shading when seen from various edges.

Consumer Involvement in New Product Development Essay - 1

Buyer Involvement in New Product Development - Essay Example The paper tells that in the improvement of new items, clients take part to give new plans to help make the items through correspondence. The procedure alluded to as co-creation, utilized by the designers, is significant in the new item advancement part. For this situation, clients may concoct new products or administrations or basically attempt to enhance what is now flowing in the market to satisfy their requirements. These thoughts shared by clients arrive at the planned maker through various roads like the organization site or through internet based life. Co-creation utilized along these lines is a harmonious relationship wherein the clients and the organizations conspire and make an item where the client will appreciate interfacing with the item and the maker will meet the customer’s needs. Makers these days utilize this method of joint effort as an approach to diminish time in the creation procedure and facilitate their reasoning and the vulnerability that accompanies the new item, addressing whether the item fits the market and completing reviews for measuring where most clients lie, either in favor or undesirable. The extent of co-creation is the degree to which an association chooses to include the buyer in the advancement organizes up to the post-dispatch stage. Threadless.com is a T-shirt fabricating organization high on the degree and they rely upon co-creation for assembling their items. The purchasers submit T-shirt structures on the web and the organization workers and guests to the website vote. The creator who wins gets a money related pay and holds the rights to the structure. The co-creation process doesn't end there, yet in the wake of propelling the item. At long last, it fills in as a promoting procedure.

Write In Essay Format A Reflective Case Study Based On A Movie Which I

Write In Essay Format A Reflective Case Study Based On A Movie Which I Write In Essay Format A Reflective Case Study Based On A Movie Which I Give You A List â€" Essay Example > [School/University]The identification of schizophrenia is very important in designing athe treatment process and medication of the mental disease. Mental and psychological disorders have been well understood in the modern world. Today, clinical identification of mental and psychological disorders can be easily done using clinical tools such as DSM-IV TR. However, such thing could not be said about those that have serious mental and psychological issues before the development of the clinical tools employed in modern times. In those times, there is no way for psychologists and clinical practitioners to determine the mental condition of individuals during the earlier periods and so such cases remained untreated until they become fully developed that treatment can no longer be applicable. This is the predicament experienced by John Nash in his life and as was depicted in A Beautiful Mind. SynopsisA Beautiful Mind is a biographical sketch of John Nash (played by Russell Crow), a mathem atical genius from West Virginia who won a Carnegie Prize in Mathematics and was considered as the most promising mathematician during the 1950s. Nash’s work on Game Theory was very impressive that it became one of the most important foundations in modern economics. He was also made prominent by his proofs on the most difficult mathematical problems of all time, making him very close in prominence to geniuses like Newton and James Clark Maxwell. However, his genius came with a price. John Nash was afflicted with paranoid schizophrenia which he endured for more than 30 years. The main foci of the film are the genius of John Nash and the price he has to pay for being one. The first part of the film showed how he achieved his moment of ‘enlightenment’ when he formulated his Group Dynamics Theory, a theory that prompts major revision of the existing economic theories during the period. The young genius, however, finds it hard to make positive social relationships. He is competit ive by nature and does not share a lot about himself to other students. These characteristics have aided the development of his mental instability. Moreover, his introvert behavior and his lack of proper social skills made it hard for anyone to notice that there is something wrong with his mental wiring. The closest semblance he has to a positive social relationship is with his roommate, Charles Hermann who is a literature student. The later parts of the movie showed his marriage to his student Alicia (played by Jennifer Connely) and his slow decent towards madness. He became an unwilling spy for Department of Defense (DOD) under Parcher for many years. As the years go by, solving and decoding secret algorithms around him became a norm. He was detached even though he has married, confined in his own mad world filled with people depending on him for salvation. Later, he figured that there are people wanting to capture and kill him for the information he provided Parcher. However, i t was established that he was actually mentally ill with what is now known as paranoid schizophrenia, one of the several types of schizophrenia where the person afflicted with the condition has an abnormal interpretation of reality. Because of his mental instability, Nash’s personal and professional life suffered tremendously. He lost his job and he almost lost his family to his delusions.

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad - Profile

Why Bashar al-Assad Matters: Syrias Hafez al-Assad, in power since June 10, 2000, is one of the Middle Easts most ruthless, autocratic, minority rulers in one of the worlds most closed societies. Assad also maintains Syrias pivotal role on the Middle Easts strategic map: He is an ally of Irans Shiite theocracy, he supports and arms Hamas in the Gaza Strip, as well as Hezbollah in Lebanon, thus maintaining a level of enmity toward Israel that so far has precluded peace: Israel has occupied Syrias Golan Heights since the 1967 war. Presumed a reformer when he took Power, Bashar al-Assad has proved no less repressive than his father. Bashar al-Assads Early Life: Bashar al-Assad was born on Sept. 11, 1965, in Damascus, the Syrian capital, the second son of Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000), who had tyrannically ruled Syria since 1971, and Anisa Makhlouf Bashar. He had three brothers and a sister. He spent years training as an eye doctor, first at a military hospital in Damascus then in London, at St. Marys Hospital. He was not being groomed for the presidency: his oldest brother Basil was. In January 1994, Basil, who led Syrias presidential guard, died in a car crash in Damascus. Bashar was immediately and unexpectedly thrust into the limelight--and the succession line. Bashar al-Assads Personality: Bashar al-Assad was not groomed to be a leader. Where his brother Basil was gregarious, outgoing, charismatic, arrogant, Dr. Assad, as he was referred to for a while, was retiring, shy, and appearing to have few of his fathers wiles or will to power--or ruthlessness. Friends admit, The Economist wrote in June 2000, that he cuts a rather meek and awkward figure, unlikely to inspire the same terror and admiration as his handsome, athletic, outgoing and ruthless brother. Basil was the gangster type, says one Syrian. Bashar is much more quiet and thoughtful. Early Years of Power: Bashar al-Assad had been running a private medical practice. But when his brother died, his father summoned him from London, sent him to a military academy north of Damascus, and started preparing him for the reins of power—which he took when Hafez al-Assad died on June 10, 2000. Bashar has gradually turned into a younger version of his father. I have a lot of respect for experience, Bashar al-Assad said just as he was taking power, and I am going to try always to acquire it. Hes lived up to that pledge. He suggested that hd relax Syrias repressive police state, even explore political reforms. He barely did. Toying With the United States and Israel: Almost from the beginning of Bashar al-Assad reign, theres been a yo-yo effect in his relations with the United States and Israel--implying engagement during one phase only to retreat into intransigence and extremism the next. Whether its a strategy or a lack of self-confidence might seem unclear until the approach is seen in the context of how Bashars father maintained power: not by innovating, not by daring, but by keeping the opposition off balance, by undermining expectations rather than living up to them. Theres been a see-saw effect on two fronts since 2000, without as yet producing lasting results. Bashar al-Assads See-Saw: Cooperation With the U.S.: Shortly after the 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Assad proved to be a relatively reliable ally in the fight against al-Qaeda, cooperating with U.S. intelligence and, in more sinister ways, lending his prisons to the Bush administrations rendition program. It was in Assads prisons that Canadian national Maher Arar was tortured, at the administrations behest, even after Mahar was found to be innocent of any ties to terrorism. Assads cooperation, like Muammar el-Qaddafis,was not out of appreciation for the west but out of fear that al-Qaeda would undermine his regime. Bashar al-Assads See-Saw: Talks With Israel: Assad has similarly see-sawed with Israel over peace talks and the resolution of the Golan Heights occupation. In late 2003, Assad, in an interview with The New York Times, appeared ready to negotiate: Some people say there are Syrian conditions, and my answer is no; we dont have Syrian conditions. What Syria says is this: negotiations should be resumed from the point at which they had stopped simply because we have achieved a great deal in these negotiations. If we dont say this, it means we want to go back to point zero in the peace process. But similar suggestions were made over subsequent years, to no end. Syrias Nuclear Reactor: In September 2007, Israel bombed a remote area of northeast Syria, along the Euphrates River, where, Israel and the United States alleged, North Korea was helping Syria build a plutonium-based nuclear plant that would have been capable of producing nuclear weapons. Syria denied the allegations. Writing in The New Yorker in February 2008, investigative reporter Seymour Hersh said the evidence was circumstantial but seemingly damning. But Hersh raised serious doubt about the certainty that it was a nuclear reactor, even though he conceded that Syria was cooperating with North Korea on something military. Bashar al-Assad and Reform: As with his stance toward Israel and the United States, Bashar al-Assads promises of reform have been many, but his retreats from those promises have been just as frequent. Theres been a few Syrian springs where dissenters and human rights advocates were given a longer leash. But those brief springs never lasted. Assads promises of local elections have not been followed through, though financial restrictions on the economy were lifted early in his reign and helped the Syrian economy grow faster. In 2007, Assad held a sham referendum extending his presidency seven years. Bashar al-Assad and Arab Revolutions: As of early 2011, Bashar al-Assad was firmly planted on Middle Eastern soil as one of the regions most ruthless tyrants. He brought Syrias 29-year occupation of Lebanon to an end in 2005, but only after the likely Syrian- and Hezbollah-backed assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri triggered the Cedar Revolution on Lebanons streets and drove the Syrian army out. Syria has since reasserted its power over Lebanon, re-infiltrating the countrys intelligence services and, ultimately, reasserting Syrian hegemony when Hezbollah brought the government down and brokered its re-institution, with Hezbollah at the helm. Assad is not merely a tyrant. Like Bahrains Al Khalifa ruling family, which is Sunni and ruling, illegitimately, over a majority of Shiites, Assad is an Alawite, a break-away Shiite sect. Barely 6 percent of Syrias population is Alawite. The majority is Sunni, with Kurds, Shiites and Christians forming minorities of their own. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal in January 2011, Assad said downplayed the risks of revolution in his country: I am not talking here on behalf of the Tunisians or the Egyptians. I am talking on behalf of the Syrians, he said. It is something we always adopt. We have more difficult circumstances than most of the Arab countries but in spite of that Syria is stable. Why? Because you have to be very closely linked to the beliefs of the people. This is the core issue. When there is divergence between your policy and the peoples beliefs and interests, you will have this vacuum that creates disturbance. Assads certainties were soon proven wrong as disturbances erupted in various parts of the country--and Assad assaulted them with his police and military, murdering many protesters, arresting hundreds, and silencing Internet communications that have helped organize protests across the Middle East. In short, Assad is a flirt, not a statesman, a tease, not a visionary. Its worked so far. Its not likely to work for ever.

The Great Gatsby - Stylistic Devices - 1866 Words

Chapter One In Chapter One, F. Scott Fitzgerald mainly uses detail to introduce the setting and characters. For example, when introducing the main setting of the book, he describes his house as squeezed between two huge places that rented for twelve or fifteen thousand a season. (9). One of these houses was Gatsbys. This detail gives the reader an idea of what kind of town this was, and what kind of people lived in it. Fitzgerald also uses detail to introduce characters. When introducing Daisy, one of the main characters, he says that she had bright eyes and a bright passionate mouth with an excitement in her voice that men who cared for her found difficult to forget... (14). These details show that Daisy is†¦show more content†¦He says that until much later, they absorbed me infinitely less than my personal affairs. (60). This retrospective narration also shows foreshadowing for the future, when Nick says until much later... . Chapter Four The dominant stylistic device in chapter four is organization. In the first few pages, Fitzgerald uses classification to describe all the different types of people who come to Gatsbys partys. For example, from the East Egg come the Chester Beckers and the Leeches and a man named Bunsen whom I knew at Yale... (65). From the West Egg come the Poles and the Mulreadys and Cecil Roebuck... (66). A man named Klipspringer who was there for so often and long he became known as the boarder(67). These lists go on even much further, breaking up the different kinds of people that go to Gatsbys partys. These lists also show that Gatsby invited so many people to his partys, that he probably did not know many of them. He also uses tone to show his feelings towards Gatsby after he gets to know him more after lunch. Nick is disappointed after he speaks more with Gatsby and he says he was sorry [he] ever set foot upon his overpopulated lawn(72). He then develops a tone of being content towards the end of the chapter saying he is happy with who he is because he knows he is honest unlike Tom and Gatsby. Chapter Five In Chapter five, Fitzgerald uses a lot of diction to show Gatsbys and Daisys relationship. For example, whenShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby Analysis1022 Words   |  5 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby explores the society of the 1920s and the fundamental clash between the East and West as a new money businessman lives a lavish lifestyle to win his past love. Although people with old money such as the Buchanans survive, Jay Gatsby dies. Gatsby, despite his dubious legality, literally and figuratively creates a self-made identity that collapses on the cusp of achieving his dream. In the scene beginning on page 110 where Nick imagines Gatsby falling in love withRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Passage Analysis1289 Words   |  6 PagesWhen concluding his novel, The Great Gatsby, F. 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For example, when the oracle at Delphi told Croesus that if he waged war on Cyrus he would destroy a great empire, Croesus thought the oracle meant his enemys empire. In fact, the empire Croesus destroyed by going to war was his own 6. analogy- A comparison of two different things that are alike in some way (see metaphor and simile). Analogy isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Jay Z Carter 3841 Words   |  16 Pagesexperiences as women are tied throughout their lyrics. Jay-Z has always stood out as an artist that is willing to question the status quo and is constantly pushing the envelope. In 2013, Jay-Z was the executive prouder for the entire soundtrack for The Great Gatsby film. It was a unique decision to pair an extremely well-known rapper with a piece of classic American literature. 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Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermons

Forensic Free Essays

Although we will be focusing on the forensic sciences that typically take place in a crime laboratory, there are other types of forensic sciences that are specialized and focused on a particular area. In this section, we will briefly take a look at some of these specialty areas. Forensic Pathology/Biology Pathology is a science that deals with disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Forensic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pathologists make use of autopsies to study the tissues and other parts of the human body for diseases. An autopsy is a dissection and examination of the body, often to determine why the person died. Pathologists may study samples like blood, tissue, and urine to identify and learn more about diseases in the body. Forensic pathology is the extension of this specialty to the criminal justice system. Forensic pathology studies sudden, unexplained, and violent deaths by using autopsies to determine the cause of death in an individual. The scientists in this field may work as medical examiners or coroners. One of the tasks that a forensic pathologist might have is to determine the time of death for a body. The medical examiner or coroner may participate in the criminal investigation by evaluating the stage of decomposition in the body. Following a person’s death, the muscles of the body relax and then become rigid. Rigor Mortis, as this rigidity is known, occurs within 24 hours after death and goes away after about 36 hours. Liver Mortis also happens soon after death. This condition in the body happens as the blood stops pumping through the body and settles in the parts of the body lowest to the ground. This condition occurs within the first 12 hours after death. Another condition that can help determine the time of death is algor mortis, which is the gradual cooling of the body after death. Forensic pathologists have to consider factors like where the body is, the air temperature, and the size of the body to determine the time of death from its temperature. Forensic Anthropology Forensic anthropology specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains. Forensic anthropologists may also be called on to help identify the victims of disasters like fires, explosions, and plane crashes, where bodies may be burned or mutilated in some way. Forensic anthropologists help determine whether bones and skeletal remains are from a long ago burial that has been unearthed or whether they are from a more recent death, that may require investigation. Many have at least some training in archaeological methods. They also examine the bones to see if they can determine what the cause of death was. They use the bones to help determine the sex, race, and age at the time of death for the individual and in some cases, where the individual was from. Some forensic anthropologists may help with facial reconstructions, which can help identify who the person is that the bones belonged to. Forensic Psychiatry Forensic psychiatry focuses on the relationship between human behavior and criminal justice. During the course of a court case, issues of competence (whether someone is competent to stand trial or be executed) and mental illness can play a role. Forensic psychiatrists and psychologists offer insight to investigators, attorneys, judges, and juries about a suspect’s mental state and their understanding of the crime committed. These scientists look at the past, present, and future of individuals. For example, they may examine whether the suspect was mentally sane at the time the crime was committed. They may also examine whether an individual is competent during a trial, such as being able to cooperate with their defense. Finally, some forensic psychiatrists examine the likelihood that an offender will repeat their crime for the purposes of probation hearings. In addition, some forensic psychiatrists may create behavioral profiles in order to help law enforcement officials identify and apprehend suspects. Forensic Entomology Forensic entomology uses the study of insects to help criminal investigations. This area is often involved with helping to determine the time of death when the situation where the death occurred is unknown. When decomposition begins, blowflies infest a body, laying eggs that eventually hatch into fly larvae (maggots). The larvae help to consume the body’s organs and tissues if left alone. By studying the stage of larvae development and what type of flies and insects are present, scientists can give insight into when the death occurred. Forensic Odontology Forensic odontology provides insight into the identification of individuals through their teeth. In some cases, investigators may only have the skeletal remains, including teeth, of a body. Forensic odontologists look at teeth, their alignment, and other information to help determine who the person was. They can sometimes match the dental remains to dental records of a suspected victim. Forensic odontologists may also provide insight in cases that involve bite marks, analyzing the bite to see whether it matches that of a suspect’s. As you can see, there are many different areas that forensic scientists specialize in. Each of these specialties helps the criminal justice system identify crime and the suspects that have committed the crime. This module has introduced you briefly to the world of forensic science. Forensic scientists use science within the criminal justice system. They collect and analyze evidence from crime scenes, give expert testimony, and train others about collecting evidence. How to cite Forensic, Papers

Forensic Free Essays

Although we will be focusing on the forensic sciences that typically take place in a crime laboratory, there are other types of forensic sciences that are specialized and focused on a particular area. In this section, we will briefly take a look at some of these specialty areas. Forensic Pathology/Biology Pathology is a science that deals with disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Forensic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pathologists make use of autopsies to study the tissues and other parts of the human body for diseases. An autopsy is a dissection and examination of the body, often to determine why the person died. Pathologists may study samples like blood, tissue, and urine to identify and learn more about diseases in the body. Forensic pathology is the extension of this specialty to the criminal justice system. Forensic pathology studies sudden, unexplained, and violent deaths by using autopsies to determine the cause of death in an individual. The scientists in this field may work as medical examiners or coroners. One of the tasks that a forensic pathologist might have is to determine the time of death for a body. The medical examiner or coroner may participate in the criminal investigation by evaluating the stage of decomposition in the body. Following a person’s death, the muscles of the body relax and then become rigid. Rigor Mortis, as this rigidity is known, occurs within 24 hours after death and goes away after about 36 hours. Liver Mortis also happens soon after death. This condition in the body happens as the blood stops pumping through the body and settles in the parts of the body lowest to the ground. This condition occurs within the first 12 hours after death. Another condition that can help determine the time of death is algor mortis, which is the gradual cooling of the body after death. Forensic pathologists have to consider factors like where the body is, the air temperature, and the size of the body to determine the time of death from its temperature. Forensic Anthropology Forensic anthropology specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains. Forensic anthropologists may also be called on to help identify the victims of disasters like fires, explosions, and plane crashes, where bodies may be burned or mutilated in some way. Forensic anthropologists help determine whether bones and skeletal remains are from a long ago burial that has been unearthed or whether they are from a more recent death, that may require investigation. Many have at least some training in archaeological methods. They also examine the bones to see if they can determine what the cause of death was. They use the bones to help determine the sex, race, and age at the time of death for the individual and in some cases, where the individual was from. Some forensic anthropologists may help with facial reconstructions, which can help identify who the person is that the bones belonged to. Forensic Psychiatry Forensic psychiatry focuses on the relationship between human behavior and criminal justice. During the course of a court case, issues of competence (whether someone is competent to stand trial or be executed) and mental illness can play a role. Forensic psychiatrists and psychologists offer insight to investigators, attorneys, judges, and juries about a suspect’s mental state and their understanding of the crime committed. These scientists look at the past, present, and future of individuals. For example, they may examine whether the suspect was mentally sane at the time the crime was committed. They may also examine whether an individual is competent during a trial, such as being able to cooperate with their defense. Finally, some forensic psychiatrists examine the likelihood that an offender will repeat their crime for the purposes of probation hearings. In addition, some forensic psychiatrists may create behavioral profiles in order to help law enforcement officials identify and apprehend suspects. Forensic Entomology Forensic entomology uses the study of insects to help criminal investigations. This area is often involved with helping to determine the time of death when the situation where the death occurred is unknown. When decomposition begins, blowflies infest a body, laying eggs that eventually hatch into fly larvae (maggots). The larvae help to consume the body’s organs and tissues if left alone. By studying the stage of larvae development and what type of flies and insects are present, scientists can give insight into when the death occurred. Forensic Odontology Forensic odontology provides insight into the identification of individuals through their teeth. In some cases, investigators may only have the skeletal remains, including teeth, of a body. Forensic odontologists look at teeth, their alignment, and other information to help determine who the person was. They can sometimes match the dental remains to dental records of a suspected victim. Forensic odontologists may also provide insight in cases that involve bite marks, analyzing the bite to see whether it matches that of a suspect’s. As you can see, there are many different areas that forensic scientists specialize in. Each of these specialties helps the criminal justice system identify crime and the suspects that have committed the crime. This module has introduced you briefly to the world of forensic science. Forensic scientists use science within the criminal justice system. They collect and analyze evidence from crime scenes, give expert testimony, and train others about collecting evidence. How to cite Forensic, Papers